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Home > INSTRUCTION > State Standards and Frameworks > Mathematics > grpk_count_to_tell_the_number_of_objects_overview

Gr. PK Unit: Count to Tell the Number of Objects

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Essential Questions: Question


• What do numbers convey? (identify amount--Cardinal; name position --ordinal; indicated location --nominal)

• How can numbers be expressed, ordered, and compared?

• What are different ways to count? ( count all, count one, count back, skip count, count groups)

• What are efficient ways to count? (count up, (or back) from largest number, count sets of items, count to/using landmark numbers)

• How can numbers be decomposed into other numbers or composed into another number?

Lesson Plans and Seeds


LESSON SEED: COUNTING TO FIND OUT "HOW MANY"

LESSON SEED: ARRANGE & COMPARE SETS USING ONE-TO-ONE CORRESPONDENCE

LESSON SEED: CONSERVATION

LESSON SEED: CARDINALITY & CONSERVATION

LESSON SEED: ONE MORE

LESSON SEED: BUILDING SETS

LESSON SEED: MATCHING SETS OF OBJECTS TO NUMERALS

LESSON SEED: NUMBER OF THE DAY

LESSON SEED: SUBITIZING

Download Seeds, Plans, and Resources (zip)

Unit Overview

Content Emphasis By Clusters in Grade pk

Progressions from Common Core State Standards in Mathematics

Send Feedback to MSDE’s Mathematics Team

Lesson seeds are ideas that can be used to build a lesson aligned to the CCSS. Lesson seeds are not meant to be all-inclusive, nor are they substitutes for instruction. When developing lessons from these seeds, teachers must consider the needs of all learners. It is also important to build checkpoints into the lessons where appropriate formative assessment will inform a teachers instructional pacing and delivery.

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Unit Overview: Question

This unit extends the students’ ability to rote count leading to verbal counting of objects in sets. It provides opportunities for students to apply verbal counting (meaningful counting of objects, people, etc.,) to solve problems, such as finding out how many objects are in a set. Students develop an understanding of the relationship between numbers and quantities and connect counting to cardinality while working with numbers first to 5 and then to 10. Students use concrete materials to build sets for a number up to 10. Students explore the concept of just after and just before a given number in the counting sequence to 10. Although students at this level are not expected to write numerals, they are expected to recognize written numerals 0 through 10, and match those numbers with sets of the same value. They will model that, when counting, they pair each object with one and only one number name. They will be able to demonstrate that when counting, the number names are said sequentially. Students will solidify the understanding that the last number name said tells the number of objects counted. They will also explore the fact that each successive number name refers to a quantity that is one larger.

Teacher Notes: Question

  1. Review the Progressions for K–3, Categorical Data; Grades 2–5, Measurement Data at: http://commoncoretools.files.wordpress.com/2012/07/ccss_progression_gm_k5_
    2012_07_21.pdf
    to see the development of the understanding of measurement as stated by the Common Core Standards Writing Team, which is also the guiding information for the PARCC Assessment development.
  2. When implementing this unit, be sure to incorporate the Enduring Understandings and Essential Questions as the foundation for your instruction, as appropriate.
  3. Students should engage in well-chosen, purposeful, problem-based tasks. A good mathematics problem can be defined as any task or activity for which the students have no prescribed or memorized rules or methods, nor is there a perception by students that there is a specific correct solution method (Hiebert et al., 1997). A good mathematics problem will have multiple entry points and require students to make sense of the mathematics. It should also foster the development of efficient computations strategies as well as require justifications or explanations for answers and methods.

Enduring Understandings:Question

  1. Numbers and counting are a part of our everyday life.
  2. Numbers can represent quantity, position, location, & relationships.
  3. Counting finds out the answer to “how many” in objects/sets.

Focus Standards (Listed as Examples of Opportunities for In-Depth Focus in the PARCC Content Framework document): Question


PK.CC.B.4 Understand the relationship between numbers and quantities to 5, then to 10; connect counting to cardinality

Possible Student Outcomes:Question

The student will:
  1. Use concrete materials to model one-to-one correspondence when counting.
  2. Count sequentially.
  3. Tell “how many” are in a set of objects after counting them.
  4. Explain that, when you count, each successive number name is one more than the number name before it.
  5. Demonstrate an understanding that the number of objects is the same regardless of their arrangement or the order in which they were count (conservation of number)
  6. When given a number up to 10, count out that many objects.

Evidence of Student Learning:

The Partnership for Assessment of Readiness for College and Careers (PARCC) has awarded the Dana Center a grant to develop the information for this component. This information will be provided at a later date. The Dana Center, located at the University of Texas in Austin, encourages high academic standards in mathematics by working in partnership with local, state, and national education entities. Educators at the Center collaborate with their partners to help school systems nurture students' intellectual passions. The Center advocates for every student leaving school prepared for success in postsecondary education and in the contemporary workplace.


Fluency Expectations and Examples of Culminating Standards: Question

  1. No fluency recommendations are included for Prekindergarten.


Common Misconceptions: Question

  1. Lack of one-to-one correspondence.
  2. Skipping objects or recounting objects when counting a set of objects.
  3. Skipping numbers while counting objects.
  4. You ALWAYS have to start at 1.
  5. Zero is not a number.
  6. Naming numbers when counting (saying the number names) is the same as naming people or objects.


Interdisciplinary Connections:

Interdisciplinary connections fall into a number of related categories:

  1. Literacy standards within the Maryland Common Core State Curriculum
  2. Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics standards
  3. Instructional connections to mathematics that will be established by local school systems, and will reflect their specific grade-level coursework in other content areas, such as English language arts, reading, science, social studies, world languages, physical education, and fine arts, among others.

Sample Assessment Items: The items included in this component will be aligned to the standards in the unit and will include:

  1. Items purchased from vendors
  2. PARCC prototype items
  3. PARCC public release items
  4. Maryland Public release items

Interventions/Enrichments/PD: (Standard-specific modules that focus on student interventions/enrichments and on professional development for teachers will be included later, as available from the vendor(s) producing the modules.)

Vocabulary/Terminology/Concepts: This section of the Unit Plan is divided into two parts. Part I contains vocabulary and terminology from standards that comprise the cluster, which is the focus of this unit plan. Part II contains vocabulary and terminology from standards outside of the focus cluster. These “outside standards” provide important instructional connections to the focus cluster.

rote counting:reciting numbers in order from memory without aligning them to objects, pictures, etc.

verbal counting:counting while aligning each number said to an object, picture, etc. in order to solve a problem.

cardinality understanding:is the understanding that when counting a set, the last number represents the total number of objects in the set.                          

Connections

This is a set of 3 stars.

subitizing:the ability to recognize the total number of objects or shapes in a set without counting.                                                                                                    Example: Recognizing that this face of a cube has five dots without counting them.

Connections

regular configurations/structured sets:using well-known arrangements, such as ten frames or tally marks to organize number quantities.

varied configurations/structured sets:using well-known arrangements, such as ten frames or tally marks to organize number quantities. Connections Connections

Relevant Kindergarten Vocabulary:

conservation of number:the ability to understand that the quantity of a set does not change, no matter how the objects of the set are displayed or moved around.


Additional Resources:
This section contains links to materials that are intended to support content instruction in this unit.

    Free Resources:

  1. The Common Core Standards Writing Team (01 May, 2011). Progressions for Grades K-5 and Cardinality; K-5 Operations and Algebraic Thinking, accessed at http://commoncoretools.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/ccss_progression_cc_oa_k5_2011_05_302.pdf
  2. Okta’s Rescue, a counting game at the Illuminations website link: http://illuminations.nctm.org/ActivityDetail.aspx?ID=219
  3. Concentration, a number matching game at the Illuminations website link: U http://illuminations.nctm.org/ActivityDetail.aspx?ID=73
  4. Number games, including building sets to 5 at the Illuminations website link: http://illuminations.nctm.org/ActivityDetail.aspx?ID=75
  5. Number games, including building sets to 10 at the Illuminations website link: http://illuminations.nctm.org/ActivityDetail.aspx?ID=75
  6. http://wps.ablongman.com/ab_vandewalle_math_6/0,12312,3547876-,00.html Reproducible blackline masters
  7. http://lrt.ednet.ns.ca/PD/BLM_Ess11/table_of_contents.htm mathematics blackline masters
  8. http://yourtherapysource.com/freestuff.html Simple activities to encourage physical activity in the classroom
  9. http://www.mathsolutions.com/index.cfm?page=wp9&crid=56 Free lesson plan ideas for different grade levels
  10. http://digiblock.com/ Lesson plans for using Digi-Blocks
  11. http://www.nctm.org/ National Council of Teachers of Mathematics
  12. http://elementarymath.cmswiki.wikispaces.net/Standards+for+Mathematical+Practice Common Core Mathematical Practices in Spanish
  13. http://mathwire.com/ Mathematics games, activities, and resources for different grade levels
  14. http://www.pbs.org/teachers/math/ interactive online and offline lesson plans to engage students. Database is searchable by grade level and content
  15. http://www.cast.org/udl/index.html Universal Design for Learning

Related Literature:

  1. Base, Graeme. The Water Hole.
  2. Boynton, Sandra. Hippos Go Berserk.
  3. Burris, Priscilla. Five Green and Speckled Frogs.
  4. Kennedy, Jimmy. The Teddy Bears’ Picnic.
  5. LeSeig, Theo. Ten Apples Up on Top.
  6. Martin, Bill. Chicka, Chicka, 123.

References:

  1. Bamberger, H.J., Oberdorf, C., Schultz-Ferrell, K. (2010). Math Misconceptions: From Misunderstanding to Deep Understanding.
  2. Bamberger, H.J., Oberdorf, C.(2010). Activities to Undo Math Misconceptions, Grades PreK-Grade 2. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
  3. Copley, J. (2010). The Young Child and Mathematics. Reston, VA: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.
  4. Van de Walle, J. A., Lovin, J. H. (2006). Teaching Student-Centered mathematics, Grades K-3. Boston, MASS: Pearson Education, Inc.
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  Last Updated 3/9/2020 2:53 PM